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Engineering Disease Resistance in Crop Plants: Callosic Papillae as Potential Targets
Geoffrey B. Fincher
Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages 505-508 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.012
Qian Zhou, Ya-dong Chen, Sheng Lu, Yang Liu, Wen-teng Xu, Yang-zhen Li, Lei Wang, Na Wang, Ying-ming Yang, Song-lin Chen
Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 406-411 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.017
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are a powerful genotyping tool used in genetic research and genomic breeding programs. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically-important aquaculture flatfish in many countries. However, the lack of high-efficient genotyping tools has impeded the genomic breeding programs for Japanese flounder. We developed a 50K Japanese flounder SNP array, "Yuxin No. 1," and report its utility in genomic selection (GS) for disease resistance to bacterial pathogens. We screened more than 42.2 million SNPs from the whole-genome resequencing data of 1099 individuals and selected 48 697 SNPs that were evenly distributed across the genome to anchor the array with Affymetrix Axiom genotyping technology. Evaluation of the array performance with 168 fish showed that 74.7% of the loci were successfully genotyped with high call rates (> 98%) and that the polymorphic SNPs had good cluster separations. More than 85% of the SNPs were concordant with SNPs obtained from the whole-genome resequencing data. To validate "Yuxin No. 1" for GS, the arrayed genotyping data of 27 individuals from a candidate population and 931 individuals from a reference population were used to calculate the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for disease resistance to Edwardsiella tarda. There was a 21.2% relative increase in the accuracy of GEBV using the weighted genomic best linear unbiased prediction (wGBLUP), compared to traditional pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (ABLUP), suggesting good performance of the "Yuxin No. 1" SNP array for GS. In summary, we developed the "Yuxin No. 1" 50K SNP array, which provides a useful platform for high-quality genotyping that may be beneficial to the genomic selective breeding of Japanese flounder.
Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Review
Aili Li,Dengcai Liu,Wuyun Yang,Masahiro Kishii,Long Mao
Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 552-558 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.001
In recent years, wheat yield per hectare appears to have reached a plateau, leading to concerns for future food security with an increasing world population. Since its invention, synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) has been shown to be an effective genetic resource for transferring agronomically important genes from wild relatives to common wheat. It provides new sources for yield potential, drought tolerance, disease resistance, and nutrient-use efficiency when bred conventionally with modern wheat varieties. SHW is becoming more and more important for modern wheat breeding. Here, we review the current status of SHW generation, study, and application, with a particular focus on its contribution to wheat breeding. We also briefly introduce the most recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms for growth vigor in SHW. Advances in new technologies have made the complete wheat reference genome available, which offers a promising future for the study and applications of SHW in wheat improvement that are essential to meet global food demand.
Keywords： Synthetic wheat Wheat Polyploidization Disease resistance Stress tolerance Yield
Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study Article
Qingxian Cai, Minghui Yang, Dongjing Liu, Jun Chen, Dan Shu, Junxia Xia, Xuejiao Liao, Yuanbo Gu, Qiue Cai, Yang Yang, Chenguang Shen, Xiaohe Li, Ling Peng, Deliang Huang, Jing Zhang, Shurong Zhang, Fuxiang Wang, Jiaye Liu, Li Chen, Shuyan Chen, Zhaoqin Wang, Zheng Zhang, Ruiyuan Cao, Wu Zhong, Yingxia Liu, Lei Liu
Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 10, Pages 1192-1198 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007
An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in China since December 2019. More than 16% of patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the fatality ratio was about 1%–2%. No specific treatment has been reported. Herein, we examined the effects of Favipiravir (FPV) versus Lopinavir (LPV)/ritonavir (RTV) for the treatment of COVID-19. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who received oral FPV (Day 1: 1600 mg twice daily; Days 2–14: 600 mg twice daily) plus interferon (IFN)-α by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) were included in the FPV arm of this study, whereas patients who were treated with LPV/RTV (Days 1–14: 400 mg/100 mg twice daily) plus IFN-α by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) were included in the control arm. Changes in chest computed tomography (CT), viral clearance, and drug safety were compared between the two groups. For the 35 patients enrolled in the FPV arm and the 45 patients in the control arm, all baseline characteristics were comparable between the two arms. A shorter viral clearance time was found for the FPV arm versus the control arm (median (interquartile range, IQR), 4 (2.5–9) d versus 11 (8–13) d, P < 0.001). The FPV arm also showed significant improvement in chest imaging compared with the control arm, with an improvement rate of 91.43% versus 62.22% (P = 0.004). After adjustment for potential confounders, the FPV arm also showed a significantly higher improvement rate in chest imaging. Multivariable Cox regression showed that FPV was independently associated with faster viral clearance. In addition, fewer adverse events were found in the FPV arm than in the control arm. In this open-label before-after controlled study, FPV showed better therapeutic responses on COVID-19 in terms of disease progression and viral clearance. These preliminary clinical results provide useful information of treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords： Favipiravir COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral therapy Open-label nonrandomized control study
Quantitative methods for warship equipment reliability，maintainability and supportability
Huang Jiadian,Li Yanqiang and Dong Li
Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 5, Pages 14-19
Four methods of benchmarking analysis，Delphi method with similar products，analog estimation method and statistical inference methods were applied to analyze and confirm the adaptability of the quantitative indicators for warship equipment reliability，maintainability and supportability. The principles for constructing the top-level parameter index and the “three of quality” quantitative indicators for warship equipment were proposed.
Keywords： reliability；maintainability；supportability；quantitative indicators
Zhang Lei,Wang Pin and Li Jun
Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 5, Pages 20-24
The reliability, maintainability, testability, supportability and safety(RMTSS) work items and achievements are presented. It includes the demonstration of the general design, scheme, further scheme, technology, detail, construction, and service in the every stage. Furthermore, this paper describes that the requirements of work item of each stage above. According to the main problems in the RMTSS, the suggestions can be showed in this research.
Keywords： reliability；maintainability；testability；supportability；safety；general design of ship
Chen Hongzhang,Qiu Weihua and Wang Lan
Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 27-36
In this paper，an innovative biomass- refining path called“selective- fractionation and economical-functionality”was proposed，based on the recognition of heterogeneity of biomass，which in the purpose to as far as possible retain the original features of macromolecules，activate and improve the biotransformation performance of components suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis，maximize the value of intermediate products. According to the association of raw material features，conversion processes and products requirement，diversified biomass refining paths have been established to prove the feasibility，reasonability and reliability of“selectivefractionation and economical- functionality”. In conclusion，“selective- fractionation and economical-functionality”of lignocellulosic materials would be the novel way to break through the tight economic and technological predicament of biomass economy.
Keywords： biorefining heterogeneity of raw material selective-fractionation and economical-functionality industrialized technologic system
Incentive and Validity of Compensation Contract for PPP ProjectDepending on Concession Income
Wu Xiaoling,Zhou Jing,Wang Jining,Peng Yichen
Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 10, Pages 77-83
In consideration of the uncertainty of PPP project benefit, firstly a relative index to describe the operating compensation for the project is introduced to design a single period compensation contract based on the government’s need. Then based on the fact that the private investment variable can’t be included in the contract, a game model between the public and private sector is proposed to explore the contact’s optimal form, incentive effect and valid condition respectively from the centralized and disperse decision-making. The research results show that the obtained optimal contract can encourage the private investor to choose the same optimal investment scale as the government’s centralized decision-making, and share both risks and revenues with the government. However, the valid compensation must satisfy the project’s social welfare constraint, which implies the valid compensation should be adapted to different actual scenes for PPP project.
Keywords： PPP project concession income single period compensation operating risk validity
Liang Guiming
Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 26-34
Entering the era of 21st century, there are two characteristics bearing on thinkinginnovation and comprehension. As to innovation, how to exite creative-thinking is a warm problem. From the high level of philosophy—epistemology and relative-truth of materialist-dialectics, this paper shows that there is the duality of every form of thinking including the thinking of deduction and that of socalled fixed-accustoming. There is an existence of both non-creative thinking and creative thinking and under certain conditions non-creative thinking may be turn into creative thinking which can make new knowledge and innovative achievements. As to comprehension, there are many different opinions on how to define and classify thinkings. By combining physiology and psychology, this paper divides thinkings into 2 parts and 7 basic forms. Connecting dialectics with comprehension, the conclusions of this paper are shown： the duality of non-creative thinking and creative thinking, the duality of reasoning thinking and understanding thinking, the duality of original knowledge and new knowledge, the duality of idea and test-verification, the duality of discovery and invention, the duality of science (sense of truth ) and art (sense of beauty ). The last conclusion is expressed as an example of seeking the theory of a cross-course —industrial design, the main contents of which are technology, art and market. This theory of ID is the first advance in ID.
Keywords： creative thinking turn-condition relativity of knowledge comprehension
Cognition and practice of engineeredwarship equipment integrated logisticsupport
Li Fang,Di Peng,Hu Bin and Xu Yifan
Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 5, Pages 10-13
With the significant increase of the complexity of warship equipment and difficulty of warship equipment support，in order to make sure warship equipment has good supportability，it’s important to improve related work for engineered warship equipment integrated logistic support（ILS）. The content of engineered warship equipment ILS is discussed，and its major work and efficient method in practice is summarized. Moreover，the problems and corresponding suggestions about engineered warship equipment ILS are discussed.
Keywords： reliability；maintainability；supportability；quantitative indicators
Weibull Shared Frailty Model Based on MCMC Method and Its Application in Reliability
Lin Jing,Han Yuqi,Zhu Huiming
Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 55-60
Aimed at the fault of the traditional hypothesis that the lifetimes of the individuals obey the independent identically distribution, this paper constructs the Bayesian Weibull shared frailty model. As for the products whose lifetime distribution belongs to Weibull distribution, this paper brings forward the MCMC method based on Gibbs sampling to simulate dynamically the Markov chain of the parameters' posterior distribution. It also gives out the parameters´ Bayesian estimation of the Weibull shared frailty model in the condition of the random truncated test and the prior distribution of the frailty belonging to the Gamma distribution. The precision of the numeration can thus be improved. Also, this paper utilizes the data's simulation to show the process of setting the model by using the WinBUGS package, and proves the objectivity and validity of the model.
Keywords： Bayesian analysis reliability MCMC simulation Gibbs sampling Weibull distribution shared frailty model
Project philosophy and innovation practice of Shendong 100-million-ton mining area
Wang An
Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages 53-57
Project philosophy guides project practice. In the innovation practice of coal mine construction and development, Shendong mining area abides by the project philosophy of "systematism, objectiveness, efficiency" , and finds the best combination of subjectiveness and objectiveness through systematic thinking and whole advancement. By in-time management and integration of new technology, new material, new equipment and new technique, Shendong has succesfully constructed the 10-milllion-ton mine group different from the traditional mode, and established the first 100-million-ton coal mining production base in the world. Shendong's overrall productivity efficiency, production scale, safety level, environmental-protection level and resource recovery rate all reach the world advanced level.
Keywords： Shendong mining area coal mine development systematism objectiveness efficiency
The Scientific Foundation of Chinese Herbal Medicine against COVID-19 Perspective
Elaine Lai-Han Leung, Hu-Dan Pan, Yu-Feng Huang, Xing-Xing Fan, Wan-Ying Wang, Fang He, Jun Cai, Hua Zhou, Liang Liu
Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 10, Pages 1099-1107 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.009
The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has caused a serious global health emergency. Supporting evidence shows that COVID-19 shares a genomic similarity with other coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and that the pathogenesis and treatment strategies that were applied 17 years ago in combating SARS-CoV and other viral infections could be taken as references in today’s antiviral battle. According to the clinical pathological features of COVID-19 patients, patients can suffer from five steps of progression, starting with severe viral infection and suppression of the immune system and eventually progressing to cytokine storm, multi-organ damage, and lung fibrosis, which is the cause of mortality. Therefore, early prevention of disease progression is important. However, no specific effective drugs and vaccination are currently available, and the World Health Organization is urging the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine could be used as an alternative treatment option or in combination with Western medicine to treat COVID-19, due to its basis on historical experience and holistic pharmacological action. Here, we summarize the potential uses and therapeutic mechanisms of Chinese herbal formulas (CHFs) from the reported literature, along with patent drugs that have been recommended by institutions at the national and provincial levels in China, in order to verify their scientific foundations for treating COVID-19. In perspective, more basic and clinical studies with multiple high-tech and translational technologies are suggested to further confirm the therapeutic efficacies of CHFs.
Keywords： Coronavirus disease 2019 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Chinese herbal medicine Antiviral Cytokine storm Lung fibrosis
A Survey of the Observability for Single Observer Passive Location
Deng Xinpu
Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages 54-62
A basic requirement for passive state estimation using single observer is the existence of a unique tracking solution. This leads to the question of observability. The target state is observable over the time interval if, and only if, it is uniquely determined by the measurements taken in that interval. In this paper, the state-observability problem for passive target tracking by angle measurements is analyzed using three methods: the geometrical method, the elementary algebraic method and linear system method. The observability for target tracking with frequency measurements is also analyzed. Degree of observability is discussed. And a concise review of papers on observability analysis is presented.
Keywords： passive location TMA observability
Qin Xuan,Wang Jing,Zhan Zhaoxi
Strategic Study of CAE 2013, Volume 15, Issue 10, Pages 103-12
The collusion action in bidding system of our construction field is seriously damaging the normal order of bidding. The purpose of this paper is to effectively manage the collusion in bidding and to promote the healthy development of bidding market. Based on 36 currently used preventive measures in terms of effectiveness and feasibility in construction market, statistic analysis is taken by SPSS software to analyze the opinions of investigated experts in construction field through 112 valid questionnaires. The result shows that the effectiveness of 36 measures is generally higher than the feasibility, and poor feasibility is an important factor to block the effect of preventive measures. Based on this, the paper established a collusion prevention system in bidding of our construction market according to the measures with high effectiveness. The prevention mechanism of each measure is stated in detail. The aim is to increase the feasibility of the measure and provide some helpful advice to prevent collusion in bidding.
Keywords： construction market collusion in bidding questionnaire preventive measure prevention system effectiveness feasibility
Title Author Date Type Operation
Engineering Disease Resistance in Crop Plants: Callosic Papillae as Potential Targets
Geoffrey B. Fincher
Journal Article
Development of a 50K SNP Array for Japanese Flounder and Its Application in Genomic Selection for Disease Resistance
Qian Zhou, Ya-dong Chen, Sheng Lu, Yang Liu, Wen-teng Xu, Yang-zhen Li, Lei Wang, Na Wang, Ying-ming Yang, Song-lin Chen
Journal Article
Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Aili Li,Dengcai Liu,Wuyun Yang,Masahiro Kishii,Long Mao
Journal Article
Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study
Qingxian Cai, Minghui Yang, Dongjing Liu, Jun Chen, Dan Shu, Junxia Xia, Xuejiao Liao, Yuanbo Gu, Qiue Cai, Yang Yang, Chenguang Shen, Xiaohe Li, Ling Peng, Deliang Huang, Jing Zhang, Shurong Zhang, Fuxiang Wang, Jiaye Liu, Li Chen, Shuyan Chen, Zhaoqin Wang, Zheng Zhang, Ruiyuan Cao, Wu Zhong, Yingxia Liu, Lei Liu
Journal Article
Quantitative methods for warship equipment reliability，maintainability and supportability
Huang Jiadian,Li Yanqiang and Dong Li
Journal Article
Research of reliability， maintainability， testability， supportability and safety in the design of general design of warships
Zhang Lei,Wang Pin and Li Jun
Journal Article
Selectively structural fractionation and economical-functionality conversion of lignocellulosic biomass
Chen Hongzhang,Qiu Weihua and Wang Lan
Journal Article
Incentive and Validity of Compensation Contract for PPP ProjectDepending on Concession Income
Wu Xiaoling,Zhou Jing,Wang Jining,Peng Yichen
Journal Article
Duality of Thinking and Turning It Into Creative Thinking Commemorating Publication 15th Annual of on Thinking-science by Academician Qian Xuesen
Liang Guiming
Journal Article
Cognition and practice of engineeredwarship equipment integrated logisticsupport
Li Fang,Di Peng,Hu Bin and Xu Yifan
Journal Article
Weibull Shared Frailty Model Based on MCMC Method and Its Application in Reliability
Lin Jing,Han Yuqi,Zhu Huiming
Journal Article
Project philosophy and innovation practice of Shendong 100-million-ton mining area
Wang An
Journal Article
The Scientific Foundation of Chinese Herbal Medicine against COVID-19
Elaine Lai-Han Leung, Hu-Dan Pan, Yu-Feng Huang, Xing-Xing Fan, Wan-Ying Wang, Fang He, Jun Cai, Hua Zhou, Liang Liu
Journal Article
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